What defines an encryption algorithm?

An encryption algorithm is characterized as a mathematical function used to encrypt and decrypt data. This definition encompasses the core function of encryption algorithms, which transform plaintext (readable data) into ciphertext (encrypted data) using a specific mathematical process defined by the algorithm. The reverse process uses the same or a related function to convert the ciphertext back into plaintext, making it readable again, but only to those who possess the correct decryption key.

Encryption is essential in cybersecurity as it protects sensitive data from unauthorized access, ensuring confidentiality during data transmission and storage. Strong encryption algorithms are designed to be resistant to attacks and provide a basis for secure communication channels. Therefore, understanding that encryption algorithms involve mathematical functions highlights their role in safeguarding information in the digital environment.