What does an information security program generally encompass?

An information security program is a comprehensive framework designed to protect organizational information and data from various threats. It encompasses multiple facets that go beyond just technical solutions. The correct answer highlights that a well-rounded information security program includes technical measures, which are essential for safeguarding data through tools such as firewalls, encryption, and intrusion detection systems. However, it also involves operational measures, which encompass policies and procedures for identifying, protecting, detecting, responding to, and recovering from security incidents.

Moreover, a robust information security program incorporates management structures that ensure there is oversight and governance regarding security initiatives. This can include defined roles and responsibilities, continuous training for staff, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. By integrating technical, operational, and procedural measures alongside management frameworks, organizations can create a holistic approach to managing risks and protecting sensitive information.

The other options do not capture the full scope of an information security program. For instance, considering only technical measures or operational measures presents an incomplete view, as this would neglect essential elements such as governance, policies, and the human factors that play a crucial role in overall security posture.