What is hashing in cybersecurity?

Hashing in cybersecurity refers to the process of using a hash function to convert input data (known as a message) into a fixed-size string of characters, which is typically a sequence of numbers and letters. This output, known as a hash value or checksum, uniquely represents the input data. The primary purpose of hashing is to facilitate data integrity verification. When data is transmitted or stored, its hash can be computed and compared to ensure that it has not been altered or corrupted during transit or storage. If the hash values match, it confirms that the data remains intact.

This function is fundamental in various security applications, including password storage, where passwords are hashed to avoid storing them in plain text, and in digital signatures to ensure message integrity. The inherent properties of hash functions, such as determinism (the same input will always produce the same hash), collision resistance (it’s difficult to create two different inputs that give the same hash), and rapid computational efficiency, support their use in ensuring data integrity.

The other options describe different data processing techniques. Changing raw data for storage refers more to data formatting or modifications that may not guarantee integrity. Encrypting data is distinct from hashing, as encryption is reversible and intended for securing data confidentiality. Compressing files relates to