What is the function of algorithms in a cryptosystem?

The role of algorithms in a cryptosystem is fundamentally about ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity of information being communicated. Specifically, algorithms are designed to convert plaintext—readable data—into ciphertext, which is a form that is not understandable without the proper decryption key. This process is central to encryption, where the algorithm applies a series of mathematical functions and operations to the plaintext using a key, transforming it into ciphertext to protect it from unauthorized access.

This conversion is essential in securing communications and data storage, allowing information to be transmitted or stored safely, only to be reverted back to its original form by someone who possesses the appropriate key. The security of the information relies heavily on the strength and complexity of the algorithm used, as well as the secrecy of the cryptographic keys involved in this process. Therefore, the function of algorithms in a cryptosystem is vital for maintaining privacy and safeguarding against various forms of cyber threats.