What is the primary goal of cryptography?

The primary goal of cryptography is to ensure secure communication and protect information from unauthorized access. This is most closely related to the concept of securely storing and transmitting data while preventing interception and alteration.

While there may be related aspects to the other choices, such as designing secure communication systems or ensuring data integrity, the focal point of cryptography encompasses a broader scope involving confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation. Thus, the correct answer centers on the overarching purpose of cryptography: the protection of data in any form it might take, ensuring that only authorized parties can access and understand it.

The role of analyzing and attacking cryptographic schemes pertains more to the field of security research and does not represent a goal of cryptography itself. Instead, cryptography aims to create secure systems that resist such analysis and attacks.