Why is authentication crucial for computer systems?

Authentication is crucial for computer systems primarily because it protects against fraudulent logon activity. This process verifies the identity of users attempting to access the system, ensuring that only authorized individuals can gain entry. By requiring users to provide credentials, such as passwords, biometric data, or security tokens, authentication helps prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information and resources. This layer of security is vital in maintaining the integrity and confidentiality of data within the system.

The other options highlight important aspects of cybersecurity but do not directly address the primary role of authentication. For instance, while faster data retrieval can improve system efficiency, it is not the primary purpose of authentication. Similarly, ensuring data backup is essential for data recovery and system resilience, yet it operates as a separate function within the broader context of cybersecurity. Monitoring network traffic is crucial for identifying threats and maintaining security but is also distinct from the authentication process that focuses specifically on user identity verification.